Periodontal disease, which includes gingivitis and more severe forms of periodontitis, affects the gums and the structures that support the teeth. It is often caused by a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. If not controlled, it can lead to gum recession, bone loss, and ultimately tooth loss. While professional dental cleanings and treatments are crucial, maintaining good oral hygiene and following a specific home care regimen can significantly contribute to the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.
Oral Hygiene Practices
Brushing
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush. Hard bristles can damage the gums and tooth enamel. Gently brush at a 45-degree angle to the gum line. This helps to remove plaque from both the teeth and the gum margin.
Brush for at least two minutes, twice a day. Divide the mouth into sections, such as upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left, and spend about 30 seconds on each section. Make sure to reach all surfaces of the teeth, including the front, back, and chewing surfaces. Replace your toothbrush every 3 – 4 months or sooner if the bristles become frayed. A worn-out toothbrush is less effective in cleaning plaque.
Flossing
Take about 18 inches of floss and wrap it around the middle fingers of both hands. Leave a few inches of floss between the fingers for manipulation.
Gently insert the floss between the teeth, using a back-and-forth motion. Curve the floss around the base of each tooth, making a C-shape, and slide it up and down the side of the tooth to remove plaque and food particles. Floss at least once a day, preferably before bedtime. This helps to clean the areas between the teeth that the toothbrush cannot reach.
Using an Interdental Brush
For those with wider spaces between teeth or dental restorations like bridges, an interdental brush can be very useful. Select an interdental brush with a size that fits snugly between the teeth. Insert the interdental brush gently between the teeth and move it back and forth a few times to dislodge plaque and debris. Use it once a day or as recommended by your dentist.
Dietary Considerations
Limit Sugar Intake
Sugar is a major contributor to plaque formation and tooth decay. Avoid sugary drinks like soda, energy drinks, and fruit juices with added sugars. Also, reduce the consumption of candies, pastries, and other sugary snacks. If you do consume something sweet, try to rinse your mouth with water immediately afterward to help wash away the sugar.
Increase Consumption of Crunchy Fruits and Vegetables
Foods like apples, carrots, and celery are not only rich in vitamins and minerals but also require more chewing. Chewing stimulates saliva production, and saliva helps to neutralize acids in the mouth and remineralize the teeth. It also has a natural cleansing effect on the teeth and gums. Incorporate these crunchy foods into your daily diet, such as having an apple as a snack or adding carrots to your lunch.
Consume Dairy Products
Dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese are good sources of calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for strong teeth and bones. They can also help in buffering the acids in the mouth. Choose low-fat or fat-free options if you are concerned about calorie intake. For example, have a cup of yogurt for breakfast or a slice of cheese as a snack.
Adjunctive Home Treatments
Saltwater Rinses
Mix half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water. Stir until the salt is dissolved.Swish the saltwater around in your mouth for about 30 seconds to a minute, then spit it out. Saltwater has mild antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help reduce swelling and pain in the gums and promote healing. Do this rinse 2 – 3 times a day, especially if you have inflamed gums.
Baking Soda Rinses
Dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of warm water. Baking soda is alkaline and can help neutralize acids in the mouth and reduce plaque.Use this rinse similar to the saltwater rinse, swishing it around the mouth and spitting it out. It can be used 1 – 2 times a day. However, do not overuse it as it may disrupt the natural pH balance of the mouth if used too frequently.
Oil Pulling
Take about a tablespoon of coconut oil or sesame oil. Put it in your mouth and swish it around gently for 15 – 20 minutes.The oil is believed to draw out toxins and bacteria from the mouth.Do not swallow the oil. Spit it out into the trash after the allotted time and rinse your mouth with warm water. Oil pulling can be done 2 – 3 times a week.
Monitoring and Follow-Up
Regular Self-Examination
Check your gums regularly. Look for signs of redness, swelling, bleeding, or recession. If you notice any changes or if your gums bleed easily when you brush or floss, it may be a sign that your periodontal condition is worsening.
Also, pay attention to any loose teeth or changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite. These could be indications of more advanced periodontal disease.
Keep a Record
Maintain a record of your oral hygiene practices, including when you brush, floss, and use adjunctive treatments. Also, note any symptoms or changes you observe in your gums and teeth. This record can be helpful when you visit your dentist. It allows the dentist to better understand your home care routine and any potential issues that may have arisen.
Schedule Regular Dental Check-ups
Even if you are following a strict home treatment regimen, it is essential to visit your dentist regularly. Your dentist can perform a professional cleaning, which removes hardened plaque and tartar that cannot be removed at home. They can also assess the progress of your periodontal disease and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.Dental check-ups should be scheduled at least every six months, or more frequently if you have a more severe form of periodontal disease.
Conclusion
Treating periodontal disease at home is an important aspect of overall oral health management. By following proper oral hygiene practices, making dietary adjustments, and using adjunctive home treatments, individuals can take significant steps in controlling and improving their periodontal condition. However, it is crucial to remember that home care is not a substitute for professional dental treatment. Regular dental check-ups and communication with your dentist are essential to ensure the best possible outcome. With a combination of home and professional care, patients can effectively manage periodontal disease and maintain healthy gums and teeth for a lifetime.
