Silver fillings, also known as dental amalgam, have been a popular choice for dental restorations for many years. They are commonly used to fill cavities caused by tooth decay, especially in the back teeth where the pressure from chewing is high.
Dental amalgam is made of a mixture of metals, including silver, tin, copper, and mercury. Although silver fillings are effective and durable, there are various aspects to consider when determining if they are a good choice for teeth.
In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of silver fillings, their composition, benefits, risks, and whether they are still a good option for dental restoration in modern dentistry.
What Are Silver Fillings?
Silver fillings are a type of dental restoration material made from an alloy of metals. The key components include:
Silver: Provides strength and durability.
Tin: Helps the amalgam set properly and provides a smooth finish.
Copper: Increases the strength and resistance to corrosion.
Mercury: Binds the metals together to form a workable paste before it hardens.
The mercury in silver fillings has caused concern over the years, as it can be toxic in high concentrations. However, the mercury in silver fillings is bound within the alloy and is not released once the filling hardens.
History of Silver Fillings
Silver fillings have been used for over 150 years. The first dental amalgam was developed in the early 1800s by a French dentist named Pierre Fauchard, and it became more widely used after a Japanese dentist, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, improved the formula. Dental amalgam became the go-to material for fillings due to its strength and longevity, especially in the back molars, which endure significant chewing forces.
Pros of Silver Fillings
1. Durability
Silver fillings are incredibly durable and can last for 10 to 15 years, sometimes even longer. Due to their metal composition, they are resistant to wear, cracking, and chipping. This makes them particularly suitable for large fillings in back teeth, which experience heavy forces when chewing.
2. Strength
The metal alloy in silver fillings is strong enough to withstand the pressures of chewing, which is especially important for molars and premolars that experience a lot of stress. Silver fillings are less likely to break or wear down compared to other materials like composite resins or porcelain.
3. Cost-Effective
Silver fillings are typically more affordable than other dental materials, such as composite fillings or porcelain restorations.
This makes them an attractive option for individuals looking for a budget-friendly solution for dental restoration.
4. Quick and Efficient Procedure
The process of placing a silver filling is relatively fast and straightforward. Since the material is already in a pliable form when it is placed into the cavity, it does not require a long curing time like composite fillings. This makes the procedure less time-consuming compared to other types of fillings.
5. Proven Track Record
Silver fillings have been used in dentistry for over a century and have a proven track record of success. They are widely accepted by dental professionals and patients alike due to their longevity and performance. Many people with silver fillings have had them for decades with little or no issues.
Cons of Silver Fillings
1. Aesthetic Concerns
One of the main drawbacks of silver fillings is their appearance. They are noticeable in the mouth because of their metallic color, which may not be aesthetically pleasing, especially for those who are concerned about their smile. This is particularly true for fillings in the front teeth, where the metal is visible when smiling or speaking.
2. Risk of Mercury Exposure
While the mercury in silver fillings is generally considered safe and is bound within the material, there has been some concern over the potential for mercury exposure, particularly if a filling is cracked or deteriorates over time. Some people may be sensitive to mercury or have concerns about its long-term effects, although studies have shown that the amount of mercury released from silver fillings is minimal and not harmful for most people.
3. Expansion and Contraction
Silver fillings have a tendency to expand and contract with temperature changes, such as when consuming hot or cold foods.
Over time, this expansion and contraction can lead to the filling becoming loose or causing cracks in the surrounding tooth.
This can compromise the strength of the tooth and lead to further dental issues.
4. Lack of Bonding to Tooth Structure
Unlike composite fillings, which bond directly to the tooth structure, silver fillings do not form a chemical bond with the tooth. This means that the tooth must be shaped in a way that holds the filling in place, which may require the removal of more healthy tooth tissue compared to other filling materials. This can weaken the tooth and make it more vulnerable to fractures.
5. Potential for Tooth Sensitivity
Some people experience tooth sensitivity after getting silver fillings. This can occur if the filling is placed too close to the tooth’s nerve or if the expansion and contraction of the filling affect the tooth. Sensitivity can also develop if the filling wears down or if the tooth develops a crack.
Alternatives to Silver Fillings
While silver fillings are still a popular choice, there are several alternatives available that may be a better fit for certain patients.
1. Composite Fillings
Composite resin fillings are tooth-colored and provide a more natural appearance compared to silver fillings. They bond directly to the tooth structure, which can help preserve more of the healthy tooth tissue. Composite fillings are ideal for cavities in the front teeth or areas where aesthetics are important. However, they may not be as durable or long-lasting as silver fillings, especially for large fillings in the back teeth.
2. Porcelain Fillings
Porcelain fillings, also known as inlays or onlays, are custom-made to fit the cavity. They are more durable and resistant to staining than composite fillings and offer a natural-looking aesthetic. However, porcelain fillings are more expensive than silver fillings and may require multiple visits to the dentist for placement.
3. Resin Ionomer Fillings
Resin ionomer fillings are a type of tooth-colored filling material that is less durable than composite resin or porcelain. \
They are typically used for smaller fillings and are often used in areas that are not subject to heavy chewing forces. Resin ionomer fillings release fluoride, which can help protect the tooth from further decay.
Are Silver Fillings Still Good for Teeth?
Despite the rise of alternatives like composite and porcelain fillings, silver fillings are still a viable option for many patients, especially those who have large cavities in their back teeth. They offer excellent durability and strength, and their cost-effectiveness makes them an attractive choice for people on a budget.
However, the aesthetic concerns and potential long-term effects of mercury exposure may lead some people to opt for alternatives. If you are considering silver fillings for your dental restoration, it’s essential to consult with your dentist to discuss the pros and cons based on your specific needs.
Conclusion
Silver fillings are a time-tested and effective solution for filling cavities, offering excellent durability and strength at an affordable cost. They have been used in dentistry for over a century and continue to be a popular choice, especially for patients seeking reliable, long-lasting restorations. However, they do come with some drawbacks, including aesthetic concerns, the potential for mercury exposure, and the possibility of tooth sensitivity.
Ultimately, the decision to choose silver fillings should be based on factors such as the location of the cavity, your aesthetic preferences, and your budget. It is always a good idea to consult with a dental professional to determine the best option for your oral health.
