Braces are a common and effective orthodontic treatment used to straighten teeth, correct bite issues, and improve overall dental aesthetics. While braces are beneficial for many people, they can sometimes lead to unexpected side effects, one of which is gum recession. Understanding why this happens, how to prevent it, and how to manage it is crucial for those undergoing orthodontic treatment. In this article, we’ll explore why braces cause gum recession, what the underlying causes are, and how individuals can prevent or address this issue.
What Is Gum Recession?
Gum recession refers to the process in which the gum tissue surrounding the teeth wears away or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or even its root. This can lead to sensitivity, increased risk of cavities, and a less aesthetic smile. In some cases, severe gum recession can cause tooth mobility, contributing to more serious dental issues if not addressed promptly.
The Link Between Braces and Gum Recession
Braces are designed to apply consistent pressure to teeth over time to gradually shift them into better alignment. However, the pressure exerted by braces can sometimes have unintended effects on the gums, leading to recession. The following factors contribute to this phenomenon:
1. Pressure from Brackets and Wires
One of the main reasons braces may cause gum recession is due to the constant pressure applied to the teeth. Braces consist of brackets attached to each tooth, connected by wires that are tightened periodically. This pressure, when exerted continuously, can move teeth into new positions, but it can also affect the surrounding gum tissue.
The excessive or uneven force on a tooth can cause the gum tissue to shift or pull away from the tooth’s surface. This is particularly true if the brackets are placed too close to the gums, or if the pressure applied is too aggressive.
2. Difficulty with Oral Hygiene
Maintaining proper oral hygiene while wearing braces can be challenging. Braces create more nooks and crannies for food particles and plaque to accumulate, making it harder to clean the teeth thoroughly. Inadequate brushing and flossing around the brackets can lead to a buildup of plaque and tartar, which in turn can irritate and inflame the gums. Over time, this inflammation may contribute to gum recession, as the gums become weaker and more prone to pulling away from the teeth.
3. Inflammation and Gum Disease
Braces can increase the risk of gingivitis, the early stage of gum disease, due to the difficulty in maintaining optimal oral hygiene. Gingivitis is characterized by swollen, bleeding gums, and if left untreated, it can progress into more severe periodontal disease, which is directly linked to gum recession. Braces make it harder to remove plaque from the teeth and gums, and as a result, inflammation may occur, weakening the attachment of the gum tissue to the tooth and causing it to recede.
4. Excessive Force from Overcorrection
While the goal of braces is to move teeth into their proper position, applying too much force can lead to unwanted side effects, including gum recession. Overcorrection refers to a situation where the teeth are moved too quickly or too far, causing excess pressure on the surrounding tissue. This can lead to the gums being pulled away from the teeth, resulting in recession. Orthodontists carefully monitor the movement of the teeth to avoid this, but in some cases, especially with certain types of braces or if the treatment is not properly adjusted, overcorrection may occur.
5. Poorly Fitted Braces
If the braces are not fitted properly, they can cause uneven pressure on the teeth and gums. Brackets that are too large or incorrectly positioned can lead to discomfort and may push against the gumline. This excessive pressure can cause the gums to recede over time, particularly in areas where the force is concentrated.
How to Prevent Gum Recession During Braces Treatment
While some degree of gum recession may occur naturally with orthodontic treatment, there are several ways to reduce the risk and protect your gums.
1. Maintain Excellent Oral Hygiene
Good oral hygiene is the most effective way to prevent gum recession during orthodontic treatment. Make sure to brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Pay special attention to brushing around the brackets and wires, using a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid damaging the gums. You should also floss daily using specialized floss threaders or interdental brushes designed for braces.
Additionally, using an antimicrobial mouthwash can help reduce plaque buildup and prevent gum inflammation.
2. Regular Orthodontic Checkups
Frequent visits to your orthodontist are essential during your treatment to ensure that the braces are properly adjusted and that your teeth are moving as planned. Regular checkups allow the orthodontist to monitor your progress, make necessary adjustments to the braces, and address any concerns regarding gum recession before they become significant issues.
3. Use Orthodontic Wax
Orthodontic wax can be applied to the brackets to prevent irritation and friction between the braces and your gums. This can help reduce the risk of gum inflammation, which is one of the contributing factors to recession. Be sure to change the wax regularly to keep it clean.
4. Be Mindful of Your Diet
During orthodontic treatment, it’s important to avoid hard, sticky, or overly chewy foods that can cause the braces to move or become damaged. These foods can also cause the gums to become irritated and inflamed, further increasing the risk of recession. Stick to softer foods that are easier to chew, and be cautious when eating to avoid any damage to the braces or gums.
5. Consider a Gum Treatment
If you notice early signs of gum recession, it’s important to address the issue as soon as possible. Your dentist or orthodontist may recommend gum treatments, such as scaling and root planing, to help prevent further recession. These procedures can help remove plaque and tartar buildup, reduce gum inflammation, and improve overall gum health.
Can Gum Recession Be Reversed?
Once gum recession occurs, it cannot be completely reversed, but it can be managed and minimized with proper care. In cases of severe gum recession, a dentist or periodontist may recommend procedures such as gum grafting, where tissue is taken from another part of your mouth and used to replace the receded gum tissue. This can help restore the appearance of the gums and protect the roots of the teeth.
Conclusion
Braces are a powerful tool for achieving a straighter smile and healthier bite. However, as with any medical or dental treatment, there are risks involved, including gum recession. Understanding why braces can cause gum recession and taking steps to prevent or minimize it can help ensure that your orthodontic journey is successful and that your gums remain healthy throughout the process. By maintaining good oral hygiene, attending regular checkups, and following your orthodontist’s instructions, you can significantly reduce the chances of experiencing gum recession during braces treatment.
