Fillings are one of the most common dental treatments used to repair teeth that have been damaged by decay, cracks, or wear. While they are often a routine procedure, many people still wonder about the impact fillings have on their teeth. In this article, we will dive into the effects fillings have on the teeth, including how they help restore functionality, their benefits, and what potential risks or side effects to be aware of.
What Is A Dental Filling?
A dental filling is a material placed into a cavity in a tooth to restore its normal function and shape. The most common reason for filling a tooth is to treat tooth decay. When bacteria break down the tooth enamel, they cause cavities, which can lead to further damage if left untreated. Fillings are used to stop the decay and prevent it from spreading deeper into the tooth.
Fillings are available in various materials, such as amalgam, composite resin, porcelain, and gold. The choice of filling material depends on the location and size of the cavity, as well as personal preferences and dental needs.
The Process of Getting a Dental Filling
Step 1: Examination and Diagnosis
Before any filling is placed, the dentist will examine your tooth to assess the extent of the damage. They may use X-rays to get a clear view of the decay beneath the surface.
Step 2: Removal of Decay
Once the diagnosis is complete, the dentist will numb the area around the tooth to ensure you are comfortable during the procedure. After numbing, they will use a dental drill or laser to remove the decayed part of the tooth. This ensures that only healthy tooth tissue remains.
Step 3: Filling the Cavity
After the decay is removed, the dentist will clean the cavity and prepare it for the filling material. Depending on the material chosen, the filling may be placed in layers and hardened using a special light or chemical reaction.
Step 4: Shaping and Polishing
Once the filling is in place, the dentist will shape it to fit the natural contours of your tooth. After shaping, they will polish the filling to ensure it blends well with your natural tooth surface and feels comfortable when you bite.
How Do Fillings Help Your Teeth?
Restoring Functionality
Fillings help restore the tooth’s ability to function properly. When a tooth is decayed or cracked, it can cause pain or discomfort when chewing. A filling helps restore the tooth’s strength and structure, enabling it to bear normal biting forces once again.
Preventing Further Decay
By filling the cavity, the dentist prevents bacteria from entering the tooth. The filling serves as a barrier, protecting the inner layers of the tooth from further damage. Without a filling, decay would continue to spread and could lead to more severe issues such as tooth abscesses or tooth loss.
Protecting Sensitive Teeth
Some people experience tooth sensitivity due to exposed nerve endings or cracks. A filling can seal the exposed areas, providing protection and reducing sensitivity, especially when consuming hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
Aesthetic Improvements
In the case of composite fillings or porcelain, fillings can be used to improve the appearance of a tooth. These materials blend well with natural tooth color, making them ideal for filling cavities in visible areas, such as the front teeth. This helps maintain a natural, attractive smile.
Types of Dental Fillings
There are various types of materials used for fillings, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Let’s explore some of the most common types.
1. Amalgam Fillings
Amalgam fillings, also known as silver fillings, are made from a mixture of metals, including silver, mercury, tin, and copper. These fillings are durable and long-lasting, making them ideal for use in the back teeth, where there is more pressure from chewing.
Pros:
- Durable and long-lasting.
- Cost-effective.
- Strong enough for back teeth.
Cons:
Noticeable silver color.
Contain mercury, which has raised some health concerns (though modern amalgam fillings are considered safe by dental authorities).
2. Composite Resin Fillings
Composite resin fillings are made from a tooth-colored material that blends with the natural color of your teeth. They are ideal for fillings in visible areas like the front teeth.
Pros:
- Aesthetic and blend well with natural tooth color.
- Ideal for front teeth.
- Bonds directly to the tooth, providing extra strength.
Cons:
Less durable than amalgam, especially in large cavities.
Can stain over time.
3. Porcelain Fillings
Porcelain fillings, also known as inlays or onlays, are custom-made to fit the cavity in your tooth. They are often used for larger fillings and can be created to match the color and appearance of your natural teeth.
Pros:
- Highly aesthetic and resemble natural tooth structure.
- Stain-resistant.
- Durable and long-lasting.
Cons:
Expensive compared to other filling materials.
Requires multiple visits to the dentist.
4. Gold Fillings
Gold fillings are made from a gold alloy and are considered one of the most durable filling materials. They are often used for large cavities in the back teeth.
Pros:
- Very durable and long-lasting.
- Excellent wear resistance.
Cons:
- Expensive.
- Noticeable gold color.
How Fillings Affect Your Teeth in the Long Term
Durability and Longevity
Fillings help maintain the function of the tooth for many years, but they are not permanent. The longevity of a filling depends on the type of material used, the size of the cavity, and the location of the filling in the mouth. On average, fillings can last anywhere from 5 to 15 years. Over time, fillings may need to be replaced due to wear, breakage, or decay around the edges.
Tooth Sensitivity
While fillings can help reduce tooth sensitivity by sealing the tooth, some people may experience increased sensitivity immediately after the procedure. This is usually temporary and resolves within a few days to a week. If sensitivity persists or worsens, it’s important to consult your dentist.
Possible Risks and Complications
Though fillings are generally safe and effective, there are some risks to be aware of. These include:
Allergic reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to certain filling materials, such as metals in amalgam fillings.
Tooth damage: In rare cases, the process of drilling out the decayed part of the tooth can cause further damage to the tooth, particularly if the cavity is large.
Filling failure: Fillings can wear out over time or break if subjected to excessive force. This is particularly common with amalgam fillings.
Decay around the filling: If a filling becomes loose or worn down, bacteria can enter around the edges, leading to further decay.
Can Fillings Be Replaced?
Yes, fillings can be replaced if they wear down, crack, or if new decay develops around the edges. During a routine dental check-up, your dentist will examine the condition of your fillings and recommend replacement if necessary. It’s important to monitor fillings over time to ensure they remain intact and effective.
Conclusion
Fillings play an essential role in maintaining the health and function of your teeth. They restore the shape of damaged teeth, prevent further decay, and provide relief from sensitivity. However, it’s important to understand the type of filling best suited for your needs, as well as the long-term impact of fillings on your dental health. Regular check-ups with your dentist will help ensure that your fillings remain effective and your teeth stay healthy.
